ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Drug resistant microbes are a serious challenge to human health. During the search for novel antibiotics/inhibitors from the agricultural soil, a bacterial colony was found to inhibit the growth of clinical isolates including Staphylococcus (resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, clinafloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and methicillin) and Candida (resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole). The culture was identified as Burkholderia gladioli and produced at least five different antimicrobial compounds which were highly stable at high temperature (121°C) and in the broad pH range (3.0-11.0). We report here the antimicrobial activity of B. gladioli against drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Methods: The bacterial culture was identified using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the identified organism against a range of microbial pathogens was checked by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial compounds in the cell free supernatant were chloroform-extracted and separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Results: B. gladioli OR1 exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against drug resistant clinical isolates belonging to various genera of bacteria (Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter) and a fungus (Candida). Based on TLC profile and bioautography studies, the chloroform extract of B. gladioli OR1 consisted of at least three anti-staphylococcal and two anti-Candida metabolites. The antimicrobial activity was heat stable (121°C/20 min) as well as pH stable (3.0-11.0). Interpretation & conclusions: The bacterial soil isolate, B. gladioli OR1 possessed the ability to kill various drug resistant bacteria and a fungus. This organism produced many antimicrobial metabolites which might have the potential to be used as antibiotics in future.
Subject(s)
Burkholderia gladioli/metabolism , Candida , Chloroform , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
A cana-de-açúcar é uma fonte importante de alimento e bioenergia. Assim, o estudo da interação com bactérias endofíticas que fixam o nitrogênio atmosférico (FBN) e produzem o ácido indol acético (AIA) vem sendo amplamente explorado. Porém, devido à sensibilidade bacteriana, tanto a produção de AIA, como a FBN, podem sofrer o impacto de fatores edafoclimáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes concentrações de NaCl sobre o crescimento bacteriano, a FBN e a produção de AIA in vitro de linhagens bacterianas do gênero Burkholderia, isoladas endofiticamente de plantas de cana-de-açúcar, cultivadas no estado de Pernambuco. Para tanto, duas linhagens bacterianas endofíticas das espécies Burkholderia gladioli e B. heleia foram inoculadas em meio TSA (com L-triptofano) acrescido de cinco concentrações de NaCl: 0,1; 1; 10; 25 e 50 g.L-1 e incubadas sob agitação. O crescimento bacteriano e a produção de AIA foram avaliados através de um espectrofotômetro por 48 horas. Para o teste de fixação de nitrogênio, as linhagens foram inoculadas em meio LGI-P semi-sólido acrescido de cinco concentrações de NaCl: 0,1; 1; 10; 25 e 50 g.L1 e incubadas a 28ºC por 10 dias. Foi possível observar que altas concentrações de NaCl influenciaram negativamente o crescimento bacteriano e a produção do AIA in vitro por B. glaidoli e B. heleia. E que, concentrações de NaCl acima de 25 g.L-1 inibiram a capacidade de fixar nitrogênio, de ambas as linhagens.
The sugarcane is an important source of food and bioenergy. So, the study of its interaction with endophytic bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen (BNF) and produce indole acetic acid (IAA) has been widely explored. However, due to bacterial sensitivity, both the production of IAA as the BNF may suffer the impact of soil and climatic factors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of the NaCl different concentrations on the bacterial growth, on the BNF and on the IAA production in vitro by endophytic bacterial strains of the genus Burkholderia isolated from sugarcane plants grown in the Pernambuco State. In this study, two endophytic bacterial strains of Burkholderia gladioli and B. heleia species were inoculated in TSA (with L-tryptophan) added of five NaCl concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10, 25 and 50 g.L-1 and incubated under agitation. Bacterial growth and IAA production were assessed using a spectrophotometer for 48 hours. The nitrogen fixation test was carried out by the inoculation of the bacteria in semi-solid LGP-I added of five NaCl concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10, 25 and 50 g.L-1 and incubated at 28°C during 10 days. It was observed that high concentrations of NaCl influenced negatively the bacterial growth and indole acetic acid production in vitro by B. glaidoli and B. heleia. Nevertheless, NaCl concentrations above 25 g.L-1 inhibited the ability to fix nitrogen in both strains.
Subject(s)
Sodium Chloride , Saltpetre Soils , Burkholderia , Saccharum , Burkholderia gladioli , Nitrogen Fixation , BiofuelsABSTRACT
Fibrose Cística (FC) é uma doença autossômica recessiva causada por mutações no canal de cloreto CFTR e caracterizada por uma extensa gama de sinais e sintomas clínicos. Devido a alterações na composição eletrolítica da camada de líquido periciliar, uma série de fatores converge para o estabelecimento de infecção e inflamação pulmonar crônicas. Stenotrophomonas matophilia (SM), Complexo Burkholderia cepacia (CBc), Burkholderia gladioli (Bg) e Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans (Ax) são bacilos Gram-negativos não fermentadores frequentemente isolados de culturas de amostras respiratórias de pacientes com FC e intrinsecamente resistentes a diversas classes de antimicrobianos. O presente estudo buscou avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade destes microrganismos isolados de amostras respiratórias de pacientes fibrocísticos atendidos no Instituto da Criança do HC-FMUSP. Um total de 781 amostras foi obtido entre junho de 2003 a junho de 2004 e setembro de 2006 a setembro de 2007. Deste total, foram isoladas 57 cepas (7,3%) de SM (23 no primeiro e 34 no segundo períodos), 34 cepas (4,4%) de CBc (22 no primeiro e 12 no segundo períodos), 8 cepas (1%) de Bg (5 no primeiro e 3 no segundo períodos) e 23 ( 2,9%) de Ax (17 no primeiro e 6 no segundo períodos). Os isolados foram submetidos ao teste de disco-difusão (DD) frente a 22 anitimicrobianos. A verificação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) foi realizada pelo método da diluição em ágar e teste epsilométrico. Pesquisou-se, fenotipicamente, a produção de beta-lactamases do tipo Beta-Lactamase de Espectro Estendido (ESBL) e Metalo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL). Minociclina foi a droga mais ativa, inibindo 100% das cepas estudadas. Sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim ainda apresenta um bom desempenho contra SM, porém, verificou-se resistência de 10,5%. Levofloxacina inibiu 96% das cepas de SM. Piperacilina-tazobactam foi ativa contra 100% das cepas do gênero Burkholderia e Ax. Notou-se diferenças importantes entre...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Achromobacter denitrificans , Burkholderia gladioli , Cystic Fibrosis , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial TestsABSTRACT
An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains responsible for the biodegradation of profenofos in a soil from Hubei province of central China. Two pure bacterial cultures, named W and Y, were isolated and subsequently characterized by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and biochemical tests. Isolate W showed 96 percent similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of a Pseudomonas putida unlike Y which showed 99 percent similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of Burkholderia gladioli. Both strains grew well at pH 5.5-7.2 with a broad temperature profile ranging from 28º to 36 ºC. Bioremediation of profenofos-contaminated soil was examined using soil treated with 200 ug g-1; profenofos resulted in a higher degradation rate than control soils without inoculation. In a mineral salt medium (FTW) reduction in profenofos concentration was 90 percent within 96 hours of incubation. A literature survey revealed that no data is available regarding the role of Burkholderia gladioli on pesticide biodegradation as well as on profenofos.
Subject(s)
Base Sequence , Burkholderia Infections , Burkholderia gladioli/genetics , In Vitro Techniques , Insecticides, Organophosphate , RNA, Bacterial , Biodegradation, Environmental , Chromatography, Gas , Methods , MethodsABSTRACT
Acute suppurative thryroiditis is a rare disease because the thyroid gland is resistant to infection. Thyroid function tests are usually normal in acute suppurative thryroiditis. We care for a patient with acute suppurative thryroiditis and associated thyrotoxicosis. A 73-year-old diabetic woman presented with pain over the thyroid gland and an elevated serum thyroid hormone level and decreased radioiodine uptake, as occurs in subacute thyroiditis. A neck computed tomography showed an abscess in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. A neutrophilic infiltration was shown in a fine needle aspiration biopsy, and Gram negative Burkholderia gladioli grew from the aspirate culture. Antibiotic treatment ameliorated the symptoms of infection, followed by normalization of thyroid function.